Executive summary Bergamot is one of perfumery’s foundational citrus materials: bright enough to define a top note, but floral and nuanced enough to shape an entire accord. Modern bergamot oil is overwhelmingly associated with Citrus bergamia grown on the Reggio Calabria coast in southern Italy, where official and industry sources place the core production zone and roughly 90% of global bergamot oil output. The protected Calabrian oil comes from three named cultivars—Femminel